General practitioners/ health care workers, well trained to diagnose and treat children under different ages, family situations and diseases are often the first medical contact in the medical history of a child. However, most practitioners/ health care workers have not experienced any contact to refugees and other migrants so far. Being faced with more and more children of refugees and other migrants, we still lack in providing them with child-oriented medical structures based in pediatrics. We are aware that many recommendations and guidelines are based on experience and need to be further expanded in the future. Nevertheless we hope, that this learning module can assist you in some aspects of your daily work.